In 1295, when Edward I had begun exerting diplomatic pressure on Scotland, the country had signed a treaty with France, known as the Auld Alliance, which stipulated that if either France or Scotland […] From there, the English picked up the old Roman road known as the Devil's Causeway and headed north, making camp at Barmoor, near Lowick. The captured standard subsequently hung at Sefton Hall. This committee was intended to rule in the name of Margaret Tudor and her son James V of Scotland. This gave the English troops the chance to bring about a close-quarter battle, for which they were better equipped. On 27 August, she issued warrants for the property of all Scotsmen in England to be seized. France. A contemporary account produced in French for the Royal Postmaster of England, in the immediate aftermath of the battle, states that about 10,000 Scots were killed, a claim repeated by Henry VIII on 16 September while he was still uncertain of the death of James IV. [46] The Scottish infantry had been equipped with 18 feet (5.5 m) long pikes by their French allies; a new weapon which had proved devastating in continental Europe, but required training, discipline and suitable terrain to use effectively. p.268, p.259, David Forsyth of Cadintoun, Aberdeen, p. 627, Thomas Fraser, master of Lovat. Some of the lands noted were those held under Matthew, Earl of Lennox, who died in the battle of Flodden Field, "in campo bellico de Flodoun" (in the field of war at Flodden). p.150, Andrew Herries, 2nd Lord Herries of Terregles, p.405, John Herries & brother Mungo Herries p.404, Mungo Herries & brother John Herries p.404, Cuthbert Home of Fast Castle (Fastcastell) p.437, pp.451 & 455, Sir David Hume of Wedderburn (or Home) & his son George p.281, George Hume (or Home) of Wedderburn, son of Sir David Hume p.281, Sir Peter Houstoun of Gervock Houston died defending James IV Clan Houston, ....... Inglis of Douchlas, Strathearn, p. 586, Thomas Inglis of Murthocarney, Fife, p. 494, Lord Keith and his bro William, sons of the 3rd Earl Marshall. [120][121] These names include Adam Hacket, husband of Helen Mason.[122]. David Pringle, son of the Laird of Smailholm, killed in battle alongside his four sons. p.520. [58] According to later accounts, when Huntley suggested that they rejoin the fighting, Home replied: "the man does well this day who saves himself: we fought those who were opposed to us and beat them; let our other companies do the same!". In the Responde Books the earlier Sasines (property documents) are silent as to the campaign. Where did The Battle of the Spurs take place? Sir William Cockburn p.274 Sir Wm was son-i-law of Earl of Home. [35] The amount of fortification which James constructed on the hill is disputed; several antiquaries had mapped supposed ramparts and bastions there over the centuries, but excavations conducted between 2009 and 2015 found no trace of 16th century work and concluded that James may have reused some features of an Iron Age hill fort. [22] After a muster on the Burgh Muir of Edinburgh, the Scottish host moved to Ellemford, to the north of Duns, Scottish Borders, and camped to wait for Angus and Home. [101] Margaret Tudor remained guardian or 'tutrix' of the King, but was not made Regent of Scotland. Clan Rattray, .........Rettray, Barony of Rettray, part of Murthly, Perthshire, p. 594, Robert Rollo of Duncrub Clan Rollo. Ten days after the Battle of Flodden, the Lords of Council met at Stirling on 19 September, and set up a General Council of the Realm "to sit upon the daily council for all matters occurring in the realm" of thirty-five lords including clergyman, lords of parliament, and two of the minor barons, the lairds of The Bass and Inverrugy. An official English diplomatic report issued by Brian Tuke noted the Scots' iron spears and their initial "very good order after the German fashion", but concluded that "the English halberdiers decided the whole affair, so that in the battle the bows and ordnance were of little use. He brought the "rent surcoat of the King of Scots stained with blood" to Catherine of Aragon at Woburn Abbey. Tournai. These sources are compared in the 1995 English Heritage report. By the time the battle ended that evening, some 10,000 Scots lay dead, including James IV and most of his leading nobles. p.566, William Hay, 4th Earl of Erroll, Constable of Scotland p.567. p.510, Robert Cathcart of Cathcart, with bros Alan and John. There is no historical record of anyone from the, Bingham, C., "Flodden and its Aftermath", in, Burke's Landed Gentry of Scotland under Henderson of Fordell, Leather, G. F. T., "The Battle of Flodden", in, Mackie, J.D., "The Auld Alliance and the Battle of Flodden", in, This page was last edited on 14 May 2021, at 15:09. Their objective was Branxton Hill, lying less than 2 miles (3.2 km) north of James's camp at Flodden. What else did Henry capture in 1513? David Guthrie (Lord Treasurer), Sir John Haldane of Gleneagles Clan Haldane, George Halkerstoun, burgess of Edinburgh. Pope Leo X, already a signatory to the anti-French Treaty of Mechlin, sent a letter to James threatening him with ecclesiastical censure for breaking his peace treaties with England on 28 June 1513, and subsequently James was excommunicated by Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge. Battle of Flodden Field Relations with England were frosty, at best, following the Battle of Bannockburn, often breaking out into open hostilities. Once across the border, a detachment turned south to attack Wark on Tweed Castle, while the bulk of the army followed the course of the Tweed downstream to the northeast to invest the remaining border castles. That on the left wing was commanded by the Earls of Home and Huntley and consisted of a combination of Borderers and Highlanders. Robert Arnot of Woodmill. p.460, Sir Alexander Napier of Merchiston Clan Napier p.412, Archibald Naper of Marchiston (Marchistoun) (Napier of Merchiston), ........Nelson of Madinpap, Dumfries. The battle was mentioned because of the declaration James IV had made at Twiselhaugh respecting the heritage of the heirs of potential casualties, which waived feudal fees. Sir John Somerville of Cambusnethan; died in battle. [20] On hearing of the invasion on 3 September, she ordered Thomas Lovell to raise an army in the Midland counties. From his encampment at Pontefract, he issued an order for forces raised in the northern counties to assemble at Newcastle on Tyne on 1 September. Archibald Douglas of Craigmoy, Galloway, p. 484. Brian Tuke mentioned in his letter to Cardinal Bainbridge that the coat was lacerated and chequered with blood. The Scottish army, numbering some 42,000 men, crossed the River Tweed into England near Coldstream;[23] the exact date of the crossing is not recorded, but is generally accepted to have been 22 August. Archibald Graham, 3rd of Garvock, cousin of Montrose, and Gt. [38] This put Surrey in a difficult position; the choice was to make a frontal attack on Flodden Edge, uphill in the face of the Scottish guns in their prepared position and in all probability be defeated, or to refuse battle, earning disgrace and the anger of King Henry. [57] The Scots had placed their most heavily armoured men in the front rank, so that the English archers had little impact. The English infantry were equipped with traditional pole weapons, mostly bills which were the favoured pole arm of the English infantry. J. D. Mackie, 'The English Army at Flodden' in. Some of the guns had been returned to use against the Scots by Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy. p.223 ; p.244, no. [69] The English generals stayed behind the lines in the Renaissance style. Died at the battle of Flodden. [59], In the meantime, James had observed Home and Huntley's initial success and ordered the advance of the next battle in line, commanded by Errol, Crawford and Montrose. The English dead at Flodden were counted in their hundreds, the Scots in their thousands. p.375, Lord Askill Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine, Lord Avondale, Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avondale (second creation) Lord of the Bedchamber, son-i-law of 2nd Lord Kennedy. Howard claims his presence in "proper person" at the front is his trial by combat for Barton's death. Pedigree CIX, Lord Knolis (Sir Wm Knolls, Lord of Saint Johns). The names of landless men or those who held their lands from a landlord would not appear in this record. The eventual result was a stalemate in which both sides stood off from each other and played no further part in the battle. p.436, Sir John Erskine, younger, of Dun. Clan MacDowall, Thomas McDowell, younger of Garthclone, p. 485, Uchtred MacDowall, 9th of Garthland, Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire; Clan MacDowall bro-in-law of Patrick Dunbar of Mochrum, Wigtownshire, Uchtred Makdowell, Lord of Garthclon,(Pater et avus decesserunt in campo: father and uncle died in battle) p.480, Sir Iain MacFarlane, 11th Captain of Clan Pharlane; died in battle, Col. John McGuffie of Cubbicks Kirkcudbrightshire. p. 495, John Balfour of Balgarvy, Cupar, Parish Abdie, co Fife, Sir Michael Balfour of Munquhanny, with bro-i-law of Earl of Rothes. [56], The next phase started when Home and Huntley's battle on the Scottish left advanced downhill towards the opposite troops commanded by Edmund Howard. In the meantime, he positioned his troops in dead ground from where he hoped that the Scots could not assess the size of his force. Walter Lindsay (son of Sir David Lindsay of Edzell & father of 9th Earl of Crawford) p.19, James Livingston, 3rd Laird of Kilsyth. Many of these soldiers wore green and white Tudor colours. The English dead at Flodden were counted in their hundreds, the Surrey had 500 soldiers with him and was to be joined at Newcastle by 1,000 experienced soldiers and sailors with their artillery, who would arrive by sea under the command of Surrey's son, also called Thomas Howard, the Lord High Admiral of England. [86] Dacre took the body to Berwick-upon-Tweed, where according to Hall's Chronicle, it was viewed by the captured Scottish courtiers William Scott and John Forman who acknowledged it was the King's. The Herald declared that Henry should abandon his efforts against the town and go home. ..., It must be borne in mind that it is only the King's vassals or tenants who left heirs in lands in the comparatively small portion of Scotland then held by the King, whose names can be expected to appear in the present Accounts. p.520, William Simpson of Logie, Stirlingshire, p. 477, Andrew Simson of Grange of Bothkennar, Stirlingshire, p. 477, Sir William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness, 12th Baron of Roslin Barony of Roslin., p.207, Henry Sinclair, 3rd Lord Sinclair Clan Sinclair, Henry Sinclair, Lord Orkney (Qui obiit sub vexillo domini regis) p. 32. [67], Soon after the battle, the council of Scotland decided to send for help from Christian II of Denmark. William Knight sent the news from Lille to Rome on 20 September, claiming 12,000 Scots had died with less than 500 English casualties. John Balfour of Denmill (Dene Myln), Fife. [16] Although the "Ill Raid" had little effect on the forthcoming campaign, it may have influenced James's decision not to fight an open battle against Surrey on the same ground. The disadvantage was that the Scots were moving onto ground that had not been reconnoitered. [49] They were commanded by the king's secretary, Patrick Paniter;[50] an able diplomat who had no experience of artillery. Then before the King could reply, the man vanished. The battlefield still looks much as it probably did at the time of the battle, but the burn and marsh which so badly hampered the Scots advance is now drained. Winner of the Battle of Flodden: The Scottish were overwhelmingly defeated by the English, with the death of King James IV and many of his accompanying Scottish nobles and citizens. (Forman, the King's sergeant-porter, had been captured by Richard Assheton of Middleton. 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