His remains were transferred and buried before the altar of Pope Leo I on 5 December 1830. The pope also approved the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate on 17 February 1826 when he gave it official recognition. I Pope Leo XII (Agusto 22, 1760 – Pebreru 10, 1829), mibait Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, meging yang Papa manibat 1823 anggang 1829. He also beatified in 1825: Julian of Saint Augustine[18] Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. All charitable institutions in the Papal States were put under direct supervision. On 5 February 1829, after a private audience with the new Cardinal Secretary of State, Tommaso Bernetti, he was suddenly taken ill and he seemed to know that his end was near. [22], Head of the Catholic Church from 1823 to 1829, Portrait of Leo XII by an anonymous painter (1829), kept by the. Papal finances were also poor, even though he reduced taxes. He was the second-longest-reigning pope, after Pius IX, and also the longest-living pope. His intransigence and piety alienated liberal opinion very quickly. However it may be, after four days of suffering, Leo XII died this morning at nine as I was arriving at the Vatican, where an agent of the Embassy had spent the night. Leo XIII, , original name Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, (born March 2, 1810, Carpineto Romano, Papal States—died July 20, 1903, Rome), head of the Roman Catholic Church (1878–1903) who brought a new spirit to the papacy, manifested in more conciliatory positions toward civil governments, by care taken that the church not be opposed to scientific progress and by an awareness of the pastoral and social … In 1814 della Genga was chosen to carry Pope Pius VII's congratulations to Louis XVIII of France upon his restoration. 56. Updates? Macmillan. It is not associated with, and receives no funds from any diocese or formal organization in the current structure of the Catholic Church. English travelers visiting the peninsula and many of the diplomats established in Rome remarked on the severity of the pontiff. Pope Leo XII had to deal with decisions concerning the reconstruction of S. Paolo fuori le mura: the nave and the façade of the basilica were destroyed by a fire in July 1824. Leo XII also created Peter Damian a Doctor of the Church in 1828 in addition to the formal canonization he presided over. Five Interesting Facts About Pope Leo XII. "Leo XII, Pope from 1823 to 1829", The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, Tom 11. As a result, Leo XII's reign was unpopular and provoked widespread discontent within the Papal States. [9] Leo XII's foreign policy, entrusted at first to the octogenarian Giulio Maria della Somaglia and then to the more able Tommaso Bernetti, negotiated certain concordats very advantageous to the papacy. His rule was unpopular in Rome and in the Papal States, and by various measures of his reign he diminished greatly for his successors their chances of solving the new problems that confronted them. As St. Leo said, “Our duty to serve you all will give you additional support. He beatified Imelda Lambertini (20 December 1826) and also confirmed the cultus of Jordan of Saxony in 1826. "[13] In a regime that saw the division of the population into Carbonari and Sanfedisti, he hunted down the Carbonari and the Freemasons[5] with their liberal sympathisers. During the dozen or more years he spent in Germany he was entrusted with several honourable and difficult missions, which brought him into contact with the courts of Dresden, Vienna, Munich and Württemberg, as well as with Napoleon I of France. He collaborated with Vincent Strambi – future saint – who served as his advisor. As soon as he was elected to the papacy, Leo XIII worked to encourage understanding between the Church and the modern world. Leo XII, original name Annibale Sermattei della Genga, (born Aug. 22, 1760, near Spoleto, Papal States [Italy]—died Feb. 10, 1829, Rome), pope from 1823 to 1829. His austere spirituality made him the target of criticisms and mocking remarks. Source for information on Leo, Pope, XII: Encyclopedia of World Biography dictionary. Bookmark the permalink. ENCYCLICAL OF POPE LEO XIII ON CAPITAL AND LABOR . After some hesitation he formally recognized (1827) the reorganized Hispanic dioceses; he had resisted because Spain demanded royal patronage in the Latin American colonies. [14] More recent scholarship has been unable to find any ban or any suggestion of a ban by Leo XII and his administration. Miranda, Salvador. That year he also revived the practice of holding jubilees, periodic observances in which all the faithful are invited to prayer and works of charity and penance for the sanctification of themselves and the world. Christianity, major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or the Anointed One of God) in the 1st century ce. He condemned (May 1825) indifferentism, a doctrine advocating the equality of all religions, and Freemasonry, because of its secret practices that he considered pagan. Leo XII's domestic policy was one of extreme conservatism: "He was determined to change the condition of society, bringing it back to the utmost of his power to the old usages and ordinances, which he deemed to be admirable; and he pursued that object with never flagging zeal. Ordained in 1783, della Genga became private secretary to Pope Pius VI , who in 1793 sent him as ambassador to Lucerne , Switz. This entry was posted in Pope Leo XII (September 28, 1823 - Febraury 10, 1829) by Pope Leo XII. Leo XII was in ill health from the time of his election to the papacy to his death less than 6 years later, although he was noted for enduring pain well. After some clumsy moves inspired by the zelanti, he recognized the need for moderation in view of the new outbreak of liberal propaganda and the revival of Gallicanism, an essentially French ecclesiastical doctrine advocating restriction of papal power. He also refounded the Vatican Observatory"so that everyone might see clearly that the Church and her Pastors are not opp… If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. pope leo xii (1760 - 1829), published in 1878 - pope leo xii stock illustrations Pope Leo Xii, 1810 1903. Leo XIII - a pope who changed the Church. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Born at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in Rome, 10 February, 1829. When he was on the brink of death in 1825, Strambi offered himself to God for the survival of the pope. If you would like to be automatically notified of site additions, changes, and when an entry for a Papal or Church document is added, become a fan of our Facebook page. Corrections? Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor Pius VII's Secretary of State, Ercole Consalvi, who had been Della Genga's rival in the conclave, was immediately dismissed, and Pius' policies rejected. Pope Leo XIILeader of the Roman Catholic Church from 1823 to his death in 1829, Pope Leo XII (1760–1829) ruled during a time when the traditional balance of power between the Church and the governments of Europe had shifted in the wake of the secularizing influences of the Enlightenment. His papacy was first the of the 19th Century. Leo XII made himself unpopular with the people due to the fact that he constrained them to endless rules that concerned private life and public affairs. Life of Victor Emmanuel II. This film of Pope Leo XIII was created in 1896. He resigned without ever having entered his diocese. Pope Leo XII [1823-29] Annibale della Genga, pope from 1823 to 1829, was an Italian noble of the Genga family. Pope Leo XIII succeeded Pope Pius IX in 1878, holding the papacy until his death in 1903. Posts about Pope Leo XII written by avangelista. From: 'St. Leo XIII served as the pope, or the head of the ‘Catholic Church,’ from 1878 to 1903. From Wikisource ... announced his own intention of taking the style of Leo XII. Leo XII, POPE (ANNIBALE FRANCESCO CLEMENTE MELCHIORE GIROLAMO NICOLA DELL, GENGA), b. at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, August 22, 1760; d. in Rome, February 10, 1829.His father’s family had been ennobled by Leo XI in 1605; his mother was Maria Luisa Periberti of Fabriano. He decreed that a dressmaker who sold low or transparent dresses would incur ipso facto excommunication. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. "[19] He was buried in a monument of him in Saint Peter's Basilica on 15 February 1829. the greatest champion of the rosary to ever hold the office of the Vicar of Christ. Leo XII, pope from 1823 to 1829, was born Annibale della Genga of a noble family, near Spoleto, on the 22nd of August 1760. "Della Genga, Annibale", "Pope Leo XII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election", Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Newsletter, Volume 9, Number 4, September 1986, Faithful and True Translation of a Brief Memoir of the Life and Miracles of the Saintly Brother Julian of Alcala, "The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal", Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Leo_XII&oldid=1020091059, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga, Prefect of the Congregation of Ecclesiastical Immunity (1820–1823), This page was last edited on 27 April 2021, at 03:30. (A NNIBALE F RANCESCO C LEMENTE M ELCHIORE G IROLAMO N ICOLA DELLA G ENGA ) Born at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in Rome, 10 February, 1829. Pope Leo XII ( Latin: Leo Duodecimus; 22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 253rd Pope from 1823 to 1829. He was consecrated in Rome in 1794 after the appointment and was despatched to Lucerne as the Apostolic Nuncio. Pope Leo XII From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. The Institute is independent. info)), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829. For Caesar can receive what is his only if God is given what is His. In 1794 he was appointed ambassador to Cologne, subsequently being entrusted with missions to several German courts. [2], On 9 May 1820, Pope Pius VII gave him the distinguished post of Vicar-General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome. Shopping. This included Cardinal Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari – the future Pope Gregory XVI – on 13 March 1826. (June 2016) Pope Leo XII Papacy began 28… Following Consalvi’s moderate lines, he negotiated concordats advantageous to the papacy with Hanover (1824) and with the Netherlands (1827). In the conclave of 1823, della Genga was the candidate of the zelanti faction and in spite of the active opposition of France, he was elected as the new pope by the cardinals on 28 September 1823, taking the name of Leo XII. When Pope Leo XII was elected he tried to decline, citing his ill-health he told the cardinals, "You are electing a dead man". Della Genga studied theology at the Collegio Campana in Osimo from 1773 to 1778 and later at the Collegio Piceno in Rome until 1783 when he commenced studies at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles. He was a deeply conservative ruler, who enforced many controversial laws, including one forbidding Jews to own property. [7], Pope Pius VII died in 1823 after yet another long pontificate that spanned over two decades. info)), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829.[1]. Pope Leo XII (22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, [lower-alpha 1] reigned from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829. Della Genga was born in 1760 at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Fabriano[2] to an old noble family from Genga,[3] a small town in what is now the province of Ancona, then part of the Papal States. When the aged Pontiff had finished celebrating Mass in his private Vatican Chapel, attended by a few Cardinals and members of the Vatican staff, he suddenly stopped at the foot of the altar. The absence of a prohibition is evidenced by the fact that in 1828 the Medical-Surgical Society of Bologna was able to implement a vaccination campaign.[17]. "The results of his method of governing his states soon showed themselves in insurrections, conspiracies, assassinations and rebellion, especially in Umbria, the Marches and Romagna; the violent repression of which, by a system of espionage, secret denunciation, and wholesale application of the gibbet and the galleys, left behind it to those who were to come afterwards a very terrible, rankling and long-enduring debt of party hatreds, of political and social demoralisation, and— worst of all— a contempt for and enmity to the law, as such. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. Leo XII beatified a number of individuals in his pontificate which totaled at 15. He revived the regulations of the Middle Ages in regards to segregation and marks for identification.[8]. Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope Leo XII. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [5] He was suspected of having allegedly fathered three illegitimate children. Personally most frugal, Leo XII reduced taxes, made justice less costly, and was able to find money for certain public improvements, yet he left the Church's finances more confused than he had found them, and even the elaborate jubilee of 1825 did not really mend financial matters.[5]. He had a passion for shooting birds and was rumored to have killed a peasant with whom he argued about sporting rights.[8]. The response of the Papacy to the arrival of vaccination in Italy has been documented in Pratique de la vaccination antivariolique dans les provinces de l’État pontifical au 19ème siècle, an article written by Yves-Marie Bercé and Jean-Claude Otteni for Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique. We are confident that you will have the powerful support of secular princes since the question of the Church’s authority has a bearing on their own authority, as both reason and experience prove. Educated at the Accademia dei Nobili ecclesiastici at Rome, he was ordained priest in 1783, and in 1790 attracted favorable attention by a … Tap to unmute. Leo XII's reign of the Papal States was unpopular and led to uprisings against some of his policies. The Pope Leo XIII Institute, a private, non-profit organization has been established for the total education & training of priests in the holy ministry of exorcism and deliverance. The pope also denied the Jews the right to possess material possessions and allowed them the shortest time to sell their belongings. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Vol. In 1794 he was transferred to the nunciature at Cologne, but owing to the war had to make his residence in Augsburg. Boutry, Godkin, G. S. (1880). Thus, as was expected, he reversed Pius VII’s policies. For the correct biographical information, date and place of birth and surname, see Ph. [7] It was said in the conclave that he lifted his robes to show the cardinals a pair of swollen and ulcerated legs to deter them, but that made them even more eager to elect him. [5] In 1794 Pope Pius VI made him a canon of Saint Peter's Basilica,[2] and in 1793 created him Titular Archbishop of Tyre. The minister to Rome for French King Charles X, François-René de Chateaubriand, who was near to the events, wrote: "The pope died of that haemorrhoidal condition to which he was subject. Pope Leo XII. [5] He had even remarked about his own health to the cardinals, saying that they would be electing "a dead man". The blood, being carried to the bladder, occasioned a retention which they tried to relieve by means of an incision. Leo was crowned on 5 October. Pope Leo XII The Catholic Church and Vaccines By Vincent Iannelli, MD / February 22, 2020 / abortion , Catholic Church , fetal tissue , HPV vaccines , Jesuits , morality , morals , MRC-5 , Pope Francis , Pope Leo XII , Pope Pius VII , religion , religious exemptions , smallpox , The … He fell ill after his coronation but after his recovery, he showed surprising endurance in carrying out his work. He later received the subdiaconate in 1782 and then the diaconate and was ordained to the priesthood on 14 June 1783;[4] he received the latter two from Cardinal Marcantonio Colonna. Omissions? It has a constituency of…. Donald J. Keefe, "Tracking the footnote", Henry Benedict Mary Clement Stuart of York, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere, Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Vicar-General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome, Toke, Leslie. It is thought His Holiness was injured by the operation. He beatified: Angelina di Marsciano and Bernardo Scammacca (8 March 1825), Hippolytus Galantini (29 June 1825), Angelus of Gualdo Tadino (3 August 1825) and Angelus of Acri (18 December 1825). [5] At this time, he believed it would be his last post and organized the construction of tombs for his mother and for himself. [5], His election had been facilitated because he was thought to be close to death, but he unexpectedly rallied. Pope Leo XII Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga ... Before Altar of St. Leo the Great, Grotto, St. Peter's, Basilica, Roma, Diocese of Roma {Rome} a priest for 45.6 years a bishop for 34.9 years a cardinal for 7.5 years (Elected Pope) He was the sixth of ten children born to Count Ilario della Genga and Maria Luisa Periberti di Fabriano, and he was the uncle of Gabriele della Genga Sermattei, who in the 19th century was the only nephew of a pope to be elevated to cardinal. In doctrinal matters, Leo strove to prevent the infiltration of liberal ideas and to strengthen the efficiency of the Inquisition. Born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci In Italy. When he firmly reasserted the scholastic doctrine that science and religion coexist, he required the study of Thomas Aquinas and opened the Vatican Secret Archives to qualified researchers, among whom was the noted historian of the Papacy Ludwig von Pastor. Pope Pius VII created him cardinal bishop of Senigallia in 1816 (which office he resigned in 1818) and vicar general of Rome in 1820. [21], As as nuncio in Germany, it was rumored he allegedly fathered three illegitimate children. The pope rallied from his ailment, but Strambi died. The allegation was brought to the attention of Pope Pius VI, who met with the prelate to discern the truth of the matter. [6], After the Napoleonic abolition of the States of the Church (1798), he lived for some years at Monticelli Abbey, solacing himself with music and with bird-shooting, pastimes which he continued even after his election as Pope.[5]. Peter's - Guide to the Basilica and Square' Opposite is the Monument to Leo XII (1823-1829), who is shown in the act of giving his blessing for the Jubilee of 1825. The authors credit the origin of the mythical vaccination ban of Leo XII to the personality of Cardinal Della Genga when he became pope in 1823. Exactly 33 years to the day prior to the great Miracle of the Sun in Fatima, that is, on October 13, 1884, Pope Leo XIII had a remarkable vision. [16] According to Bercé and Otteni, the biographers and contemporaries of Leo XII do not mention any interdict. To Our Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates,Archbishops, Bishops, and other ordinaries of places having Peace andCommunion with the Apostolic See. A native of Komagna, he was born on August 22, 1760. Up next in 8. He served as nuncio to Switzerland. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Later he was appointed as the Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and appointed to the episcopal see of Sinigaglia, which he resigned in 1818[5] due to health reasons. Pope Leo XII (Latin: Leo Duodecimus; 22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 253rd Pope from 1823 to 1829. Watch later. It has become the largest of the world’s religions and, geographically, the most widely diffused of all faiths. Pope Leo XIII. 256Th Pope, Reigning From 1878 To 1903. Info. This is the oldest known footage of a Pope in existence. Leo XII devoted himself to his work and was simple in his mode of life. He refuted all claims to the pope and the matter was dropped then and there save for the fact that Della Genga affirmed he was close to Pfiffer. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. In 1790 the attractive and articulate della Genga attracted favourable attention by a tactful oration commemorative of the late Emperor Joseph II. On 8 March 1816 he was created Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere and he received his red zucchetto on 11 March and his titular church on 29 April 1816. 28 Aug. 2014. Against Austria’s opposition, della Genga was elected pope on Sept. 28, 1823, by the influential zelanti (i.e., conservatives who objected to Pius VII’s conciliatory policies and to Ercole Cardinal Consalvi’s reforming liberalism). He was the oldest pope in history Leo XII is considered to have been a man of noble character, with a passion for order and efficiency, but one who lacked insight into the temporal developments of his time. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [20], It was alleged that Leo XII had a liaison as a prelate with the wife of a Swiss Guard (known as Pfiffer). Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Copy link. 9. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. These pontifical acts should be completed by two addresses given by Pope Pius XII (October 29, 1951, and November 26, 1951),English translation published in pamphlet form by the National Catholic Welfare Conference under the title, Moral Questions Affecting Married Life, with a discussion outline by Edgar Schmiedeler, O. S. B. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-XII. Because Pius VII’s papacy began in 1800, this means it was actually the... His nephew, Gabriele della Genga Sermattei, was the only papal nephew to become a cardinal. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Born 2 March, 1810, at Carpineto; elected … , Alonso Rodriguez and James Grissinger. [8], Leo XII was 63 at the time of his election and frequently fell victim to infirmities. According to some contemporary authors such as G. S. Godkin, Leo XII was also said to have prohibited vaccination. He also beatified Helen of Poland and Maddalena Panattieri on 26 September 1827 as well as Giovanna Soderini (1827) and Helen Duglioli and Juana de Aza (the mother of Saint Dominic) in 1828. He held 8 consistories in which he elevated 25 new cardinals into the cardinalate. It is charged, however, that during this period his finances were disordered, and his private life was not above suspicion. Bie. Ordained in 1783, della Genga became private secretary to Pope Pius VI, who in 1793 sent him as ambassador to Lucerne, Switz. Remember, Christian soul, that thou hast this day, and every day of thy life: God to glorify, Jesus to imitate, The angels and saints to invoke, A soul to save, A body to mortify, Sins to expiate, Virtues to acquire, Hell to avoid, Heaven to gain, Eternity to prepare for, Time to profit of. On 8 February, he asked for and received the Viaticum and was anointed. Although he continued to adhere to some of the traditional features of the papacy, he refused to completely reject the modern facets of … "Pope Leo XII." So much uncertainty.So what do we know about Leo himself?We know he was one of the most learned of all our popes.He spoke six languages fluently.Elected pope in 1878 at 68 years old, he died twenty five years later in 1903 at 93. In the Papal States, Leo pursued a repressive policy while endeavouring to reorganize financial administration, but other governments opposed his foreign policies, thus effecting a political change. Yvon Beaudoin, o.m.i., Yvon. "[10] He condemned the Bible societies, and under Jesuit influence reorganised the educational system,[5] placing it entirely under priestly control through his bull Quod divina sapientia and requiring that all secondary instruction be carried out in Latin, as he required of all court proceedings, also now entirely in ecclesiastical hands. Want to be automatically notified of new documents? He is known as the oldest serving pope when he died at 93, as well as being an intellectual that sought to bring the Catholic Church to terms with modernity. The cardinal protodeacon Fabrizio Ruffo crowned him as pontiff on 5 October 1823. On 9 February, he lapsed into unconsciousness and on the next morning, he died. Leo XII's death, which had been so often anticipated, took place on February 11th, 1829. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 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