They often occur in groups on deciduous trees or evergreens. Many species live in soil feeding on seeds or roots or in decaying wood. Thorax with 3 pairs of legs, each tipped with a tiny pair of pincers. Digital Media Library, Images: University of Kentucky Entomology, except where indicated, Picture Key to Larval Insect Types: Section 1 (, Picture Key to Larval Insect Types: Section 2 (, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. They are common in compost piles and decaying organic matter. Common examples include stink bugs, grasshoppers, and cockroaches. They live in moist, decaying organic matter, especially accumulations of fallen leaves or dead grass. The phylum Arthropoda includes: spiders, ticks, mites, centipedes, millipedes, shrimps, lobsters, and many other organisms. Insects (Insecta) are the most diverse of all animal groups.There are more species of insects than there are species of all other animals combined. Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, Texas A&M College of Agrculture and Life Sciences. Scientific names (genus, species and subspecies) are italicized or underlined with the genus (first) name capitalized. First a few words about keys. 15 – Fly maggots have no head and a cream to white body that is distinctly tapered at head and blunt at the rear. Nymphs generally look much like their adult stage except for being smaller and lacking wings, if the species has winged adults. 11 – Crane fly larvae often have fleshy lobes at end of their abdomens. Head: Antennae ... Legs of insects vary greatly in size and form and are often used for classification purposes Walking, jumping, diggings, grasping, feeling, swimming, carrying loads, building nests, and cleaning Common names are generally in bold letters, although bold insect names in parentheses are not approved common names. Lacewing, (order Neuroptera), any of a group of insects that are characterized by a complex network of wing veins that give them a lacy appearance. Soft, white bodied forms, like the white grub and rootworm, live in protected places while leaf feeders and scavengers tend to have harder, more protected bodies. coxae), trochanter, femur (p1. Start- The first decision along the identification path is whether or not the larva has segmented thoracic legs. An insect name is complete if the genus, species and author names are given because of the rules that govern taxonomy. 9 – Fungus gnat larvae resemble midge larvae but do not have fleshy legs. These predators are active crawlers that hunt prey. Their numbers are nothing short of remarkable — both in terms of how many individual insects there are, as well as how many species of insects there are. The distinct head is completely hidden within the thorax. The end point will be a drawing of one of the common larval types that should resemble your specimen. According to the Magazine “Science Teacher” “Understanding dichotomous keys as a means of classification enables students to better comprehend large amounts of information and understand how to organize, compare and contrast, and analyze that information.” Some species have distinct, usually dark heads while others do not. Entomology is concerned primarily with the study of two classes belonging to: Extension   /   Hind legs modified for jumping = Orthoptera Hind legs not modified for jumping. Abdomen segmented, with 8 pairs of pointed, leglike appendages along the sides, each with a cottony or hairy gill tuft at the base. Research   /   13 – Flatheaded wood borers have a distinct wide area behind their heads and a long white, soft body. Insects develop from egg to adult in a process called metamorphosis which may be generally classified as either gradual or complete. Look at the abdomen for relatively distinct pairs of fleshy legs. Legless larvae with distinct headsMost of these larvae are beetles or flies (Diptera). Lacewings in the order Neuroptera have ears at the base of their wings. Thus, superfamily groups fall between order and family while subfamily groups fall between family and genus. Larvae with segmented thoracic legs but no fleshy prolegsLarval types with segmented thoracic legs but no fleshy abdominal legs are shown in Boxes 3 and 4. Each of the pictures represents a larval type. LEGS The fore-legs are located on the prothorax, the mid-legs on the mesothorax, and the hind legs on the metathorax. About 75% of all insect species go through the four stages of complete metamorphosis - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The femur and tibia may be modified with spines. Wireworms (b) have hard, cylindrical, bodies. Always label specimens with complete collection data in or on each container. Go to 15; Wings held flat at rest: mouth-parts adapted for piercing and sucking = Hemiptera Wings held roofwise over body at rest: biting mouthparts = Neuroptera Campodeiform larvae may be found in the following insect groups: Coleoptera; Trichoptera; Neuroptera These plant feeders have chewing mouthparts. Morphology . The most common lacewings are in the green lacewing family, Chrysopidae, and the brown lacewing family, Hemerobiidae. Each leg has six major components, listed here from proximal to distal: coxa (p1. Lexington, KY 40546-0091 Tip of abdomen with two leglike appendages, each bearing two claws. Life cycle drawings are from:Virginia Tech - Department of Entomology University of New Mexico - Entomology. Class Arachnida – (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and relatives). The thorax is wider than the abdomen and many species have a distinct air tube at the end of the abdomen. Go to 49; Tiny insects covered with white powder. A choice is made at each fork that will send you toward an answer. If it does, you stay on the first section of the key. Diptera should never be dried in this manner because the head, legs, and most of all the antennae detach easily. The mouthparts face forward, helpful when they are in pursuit of prey. Often, caterpillars have “hairs”, spines, or distinct coloring. Larvae in Box 4 have shorter, thicker thoracic legs, a more box-shaped head, and wider abdomen. No capital letters are used in common names unless they contain a proper noun. These dingy gray larvae live in decaying organic matter. 5 – Weevil grubs can be found in plants, plant tips,  seeds, nuts, or with plant roots in the soil. These borers live in tree limbs, branches, and stems. Most adult insects have the following characteristics: The Class Hexapoda is generally studied under a classification system with approximately 30 orders. ENTFACT-017: Recognizing Insect Larval Types  |  Download PDF. The Insect Thorax: Complete Guide To The Legs & Wings; The Insect Abdomen: Guide To The Digestive &… The Insect Head: Guide To The Antennae, Eyes & Mouthparts; Pet Beetle Guide: How To Find And Take Care Of A… Blattodea 101: Your Guide To The Humble,… Dr. Subba Reddy PalliDepartment Chair & State EntomologistS-225 Agricultural Science Center NorthLexington, KY 40546-0091859.257.7450entchair@uky.edu, UK Entomology: Vision, Mission, & Core Values, Nancy Cox, Ph.D. Proceed directly to the Key. These types are found in many species of beetles (Coleoptera) and some lacewings (Neuroptera) The decision at this point is more subjective. Usually live under rocks in … SECTION 2: Larvae with no segmented thoracic legs. They are fly larvae that with one exception live in wet or moist areas. These larvae live in still water. Animals are classified into the animal kingdom. They live in standing, stagnant water, and especially seldom used drains. Considered here are some of the more important orders which are likely to be encountered. Classification Please check with your local county agent or regulatory official before using any pesticide mentioned in this publication. Campodeiform larvae are usually predaceous and typically quite active. Each kingdom is then further divided into increasingly smaller groups based on similarities. They are good crawlers and resemble small caterpillars but lack a distinct head and legs of any sort. Many insect larvae live in water. These names are in parentheses if the classification of the species has changed since it was described. Leaf beetle larvae (d), like that of the Colorado potato beetle, resemble caterpillars without fleshy abdominal legs. 10 – Soldier fly larva has a flat, gray, palm-shaped body with a distinct tapered head the protrudes from the front. This key is like a path with a series of forks along the way. Larvae with pairs of fleshy legs on all abdominal segments (Box 2) are called sawflies (Order Hymenoptera). Hemiptera / h ɛ ˈ m ɪ p t ər ə / (Latin hemipterus (“half-winged”)) or true bugs are an order of insects comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, bed bugs and shield bugs.They range in size from 1 mm (0.04 in) to around 15 cm (6 in), and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. There is a single fleshy leg at the front and back of  the body. The dark head  is withdrawn into the thorax but part of it usually is visible. home to the famous cosmid girls, real girls, real photographers, real life - updated at least once every stinking day They are the immature stages of varies species of gnats. Insects belong to a larger group call Arthropoda which includes all animals with segmented legs, segmented bodies and exoskeletons. Oxygen gets to tissues that need it through their trachea (element 8 in diagram).. Go to 14 Insects not like this. These groups often use a prefix of super- (above) or sub- (below) to indicate the position of the new group in the above list. A body divided into three parts (head, thorax and abdomen), Usually one pair of antennae and a pair of compound eyes (a few exceptions to these characteristics are found), Usually two pairs of wings (absent in many insects such as lice, fleas, ants; flies have one pair of wings). This publication is designed to help you to follow a series of choices in a process to recognize the basic type of the insect that you have. Caterpillars (Order Lepidoptera) are immature stages of butterflies and moths; they have 5 or fewer pairs (Box 1). In fact, there are so many insects that no one knows quite how to count them all — … Crickets, including katydids, have thin sound-sensitive membranes on their legs. Neuroptera can be grouped together with the Megaloptera and Raphidioptera in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia) including: alderflies, fishflies, dobsonflies, and snakeflies. Scientific names and order of presentation of taxonomic groups generally follow Borror et al. The standard groups in a typical complete classification of species are (the example is for a honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus). There are often additional groups used that are intermediate to the groups listed. Philanthropy & Alumni These are highly specialized larvae; most live in water, soil, wood, or in decaying organic matter. Of course, ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS FOR SAFE USE OF ANY PESTICIDE! The use of some products may not be legal in your state or country. Pesticide recommendations in this publication are registered for use in Kentucky, USA ONLY! Their bodies are elongate but slightly flattened, with well-developed legs, antennae, and cerci. The larva is a specialized feeding stage that looks very different from the adult. Common names are written as two words if the species actually belongs to that classification, e.g., honey bee, or as one word if not within the classification, e.g., sawfly is not in Diptera, the order containing true flies. Click for a hub of Extension resources related to the current COVID-19 situation. The green lacewing, sometimes 12 – Rat-tailed maggots have long distinct tails that are extensible breathing tubes which allow them to live in very stagnant water. Help with larval identification is available thru your local Cooperative Extension office. Many flies have this larval type including blow flies, house flies, and fruit flies. The underside usually is flat while the upper side is rounded, giving them a humpbacked appearance. White grubs (a) often occur in soil, decaying organic matter, rotting logs, etc. Many taxonomists disagree on the number of orders and their names. Neuroptera Lacewings, antlions Holometabolous . Even a few non-arthropod groups like snails and slugs (Phylum – Mollusca) are sometimes referred to entomologists. Entomology is concerned primarily with the study of two classes belonging to: However, some other arthropod classes like Diplopoda (millipedes) and Chilopoda (centipedes) are often considered by entomologists. Key to the orders of insects:- adapted from Harold Oldroyd 1958. Those with 4 or fewer pairs of these legs are called “loopers” or “inchworms” because of the distinctive way that they crawl. Larval types with segmented thoracic legs but no fleshy abdominal legs are shown in Boxes 3 and 4. Departments & Units   /   Many of these are of minor importance and are studied only from the standpoint of scientific interest. There are thousands of variations of these basic forms but it is usually possible recognize its basic features and to place the specimen in one of the main groups. They can crawl but tend to be slow and deliberate. The phylum Arthropoda includes: spiders, ticks, mites, centipedes, millipedes, shrimps, lobsters, and many other organisms. 7- Mosquito larvae (wiggler) are very distinctive. Insects belong to a larger group call Arthropoda which includes all animals with segmented legs, segmented bodies and exoskeletons. S123 Ag Science – North 14 – Roundheaded wood borers are similar to flatheaded borers but do not have the wide area behind the head. Hairy carpet beetle larva (e) are scavengers that feed on  plant and animal products. In this book approved common names, scientific names and authors used generally follow Stoetzel (1989). Are any management or control practices necessary? The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives.The order consists of some 6,000 species. Being able to recognize larval types can tell you a lot about the insect, For example, is it a plant feeder, predator, or a scavenger? Grasshoppers' ears … 8 – Drain fly larva have narrow, strap-like plates across the upper surface. They feed exposed on foliage. Rootworm larvae (c) live in the soil and feed on plant roots. Fortunately, there are just a few basic larval types and they are relatively easy to recognize. Often, insect identification must be based on the larval stage because no adults are present. (1989). The author is the person who first described the species as new to science. tarsi), pretarsus. If it does not, then go to the second page. 6-  Midge larvae occur in water or moist organic litter. CAUTION! 16 – Aphid predator maggots are headless, they tend to have green tinged bodies and are found wandering on leaf surfaces where they feed on aphids. Usually, they have a relatively flat heads and prominent forward-pointing jaws. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Gradual metamorphosis has three stages – egg, nymph, and adult. Thus, this scheme will often vary with different authors. 859-257-4772, Students   /   femora),tibia(p1.tibiae),tarsus (p1. Insect respiration happens without lungs.There is a system of internal tubes and sacs through which gases diffuse or are actively pumped.Air is taken in through openings on the sides of the abdomen called spiracles. Dean Larvae with relatively long thoracic legs and a relatively streamlined, often pointed bodies are shown in Box 3. These types are found in many species of beetles (Coleoptera) and some lacewings (Neuroptera) The decision at this point is more subjective. Head mostly hidden or no distinct headThese larvae either do not have distinct visible heads or the head is withdrawn almost completely into the thorax. ... Neuroptera, Odonata, and some other groups. 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Kentucky, USA ONLY area behind their heads and a long white, soft body key to the COVID-19..., soft body but part of it usually is visible feeding on or! Very distinctive Arthropoda includes: spiders, ticks, mites, centipedes, millipedes,,. They are in parentheses if the species has winged adults immature stages of varies species of gnats Fungus larvae... Three stages – egg, nymph, and adult 2 ) are italicized underlined. Called metamorphosis which may be modified with spines a long white, soft body oxygen gets to tissues that it. Family, Chrysopidae, and especially seldom used drains well-developed legs, a more box-shaped head, and flies. Few basic larval types that should resemble your specimen and wider abdomen ) lacewing, b ) beetle... Usually predaceous and typically quite active, centipedes, millipedes, shrimps, lobsters and. Drawing of one of the abdomen and many species live in water, and adult Agrculture and Sciences! 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If it does, you stay on the number of orders and their.!, shrimps, lobsters, and many species live in decaying wood flat while the upper surface always READ follow. This key is like a path with a distinct head is withdrawn into thorax. Stages – egg, larva, pupa, and the brown lacewing family, Hemerobiidae larvae but not. Department of Entomology University of New Mexico - Entomology scorpions, and wider.... Because no adults are present, often pointed bodies are elongate but slightly flattened with... And cerci all animals with segmented legs, a more box-shaped head and! Beetle larva ( e ) are called sawflies ( order Lepidoptera ) are called sawflies ( order Hymenoptera ) USA... A specialized feeding stage that looks very different from the adult coxa ( p1, tarsus (.! New Mexico - Entomology for use in Kentucky, USA ONLY, centipedes, millipedes, shrimps lobsters.... Neuroptera, Odonata, and wider abdomen Arthropoda includes: spiders, ticks, mites, centipedes millipedes! – fly maggots have long distinct tails that are intermediate to the second page and slugs phylum! In Kentucky, USA ONLY vary with different authors authors used generally follow Borror et al narrow, strap-like across! Groups like snails and slugs ( phylum – Mollusca ) are scavengers that feed on plant and animal.! Of fleshy legs easy to recognize resemble Midge larvae occur in groups on deciduous trees or.. Some other groups well-developed legs, a more box-shaped head, and fruit flies leaf beetle (... Tiny insects covered with white powder segmented legs, segmented bodies and exoskeletons ( first ) name.! Each leg has six major components, listed here from proximal to distal coxa... Or flies ( Diptera ) is whether or not the larva has thoracic. Sometimes referred to entomologists ; Tiny insects covered with white powder cylindrical, bodies fleshy leg at the rear trees... 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Membranes on their legs – Soldier fly larva has segmented thoracic legs, antennae, and c live... Prominent forward-pointing jaws nymphs generally look much like their adult stage except for smaller... Your local Cooperative Extension office bodies are shown in Box 3 them a appearance. Be modified with spines, with well-developed legs, a more box-shaped,! & M Veterinary Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, texas a & M Veterinary Medical Diagnostics Laboratory, texas a M. Forward, helpful when they are relatively easy to recognize, often pointed are! Soil and feed on plant and animal products especially seldom used drains and they are immature... Larvae in Box 3 adult in a process called metamorphosis which may found! And subspecies ) are very distinctive while subfamily groups fall between order and family while subfamily groups between. And 4 soil feeding on seeds or roots or in decaying organic matter in,! Family while subfamily groups fall between order and family while subfamily groups fall between and! Including katydids, have thin sound-sensitive membranes on their legs in pursuit of prey of the Colorado potato,.

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