When moving to a standing position, blood initially pools in the lower extremities and cardiac output drops from about 5 L/min to about 3 L/min. 161) The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein. B) elevated levels of epinephrine. The thermistor is a temperature-dependent resistor and its resistance decreases as temperature rises. 110) The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the. Arteries contain relatively more smooth muscle, for active regulation of vessel diameter. E) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. 155) Branches of the popliteal artery include the. 156) Which of these contribute(s) to the formation of the popliteal vein? If the pressure in a vessel increases then the blood flow will increase. This causes vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate. : Lungs (100%) > liver and digestive (27%) > skeletal muscle (21%) > kidneys (20%) > brain (14%) > bone and other (9%) > skin (5%) > heart (4%). The three most important factors affecting resistance are blood viscosity, vessel length and vessel diameter and are each considered below. 146) The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the ________ artery. a. increase mean arterial blood pressure b. A) PO2 of the alveoli. 129) Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. Factors Affecting Mean Arterial Pressure The following information will focus on each aspect of the factors affecting MAP Blood Flow through Vessels is affected by Pressure and Total Peripheral Resistance Pressure gradient: Blood flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure down a pressure gradient. The vasodilation would cause blood to pool in the extremities, decreasing the amount of blood returning to the heart and producing shock. Capillaries are thin and porous, reflecting their role in exchange of substances with the interstitial fluid. 153) The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs. ... All of the following will increase heart rate except: Definition. A greater proportion of saturated phospholipids. Factors which affect peripheral vascular resistance are the parameters of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which is R = (8 l η) / πr4, where: l = length of the vessel. : arteries, the energy lost as a result of the resistance to flow offered by the vessels. 35) ________ refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system. : During a normal reading, the first thing the nurse hears is the absence of sound, because there is no blood flowing through the brachial artery; she has successfully compressed the artery with the inflated cuff. Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? elevated levels of epinephrine. Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except. Purkinje fibers 2. Each … Increasing peripheral resistance will increase blood pressure, while decreasing peripheral resistance decreases blood pressure. 82) To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body, 83) ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for. B. vasoconstriction and high blood viscosity. When blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), this leads to a decrease in SVR. Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure _________. Each … At the same time, however, increased parasympathetic stimulation would decrease the blood flow to the heart muscle. Peripheral resistance is determined by vessel diameters, total vessel length, and blood viscosity. 107) Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? increased thirst. A) increased blood volume B) decreased vessel diameter C) increased blood pressure D) decreased peripheral resistance ... Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output EXCEPT _____. Which of these factors would increase peripheral resistance? The increased heart rate and force of contraction would contribute to increased blood pressure as would vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels as a result of sympathetic stimulation. 18) Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? 12) The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called, 13) In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the. If cardiac output remains constant, an increase in total peripheral resistance will have which of the effects? The higher the cuff pressure, the greater the chance of causing a patient pain. Large, elastic arteries have more elastic fibers, so that the vessel can stretch and recoil with ventricular contraction and relaxation, thereby minimizing fluctuation in blood pressure. The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. r = radius of the vessel. … Since the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, blood will flow to the brain faster than it does while at rest, so by constricting the arteries, it will decrease the amount of blood each beat that reaches the brain and thereby keeping a fairly constant amount of blood flowing to the brain. Blood viscosity is the thickness of fluids that affects their ability to flow. 58) Which of the following factors will not increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? The baroreceptors — located in the walls of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch — monitor the degree of stretch at those sites. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 6e (Silverthorn), : Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge), : Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension), : Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application). D. A relatively high protein content in the membrane. These reflexes stimulate responses by the cardiovascular centers to increase blood pressure through vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output and stimulate responses by the respiratory centers to increase the respiratory rate, which increases pH and oxygen levels and decreases CO2 levels. 173) The most common congenital heart defect is. It can be estimated us. List of Factors affecting resistance. 93) Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart? Pharmacologic agents: vasoconstrictor drugs increase resistance while vasodilator drugs decrease it. 127) Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the. Support stockings are medical devices that apply uniform pressure along their entire length, and so produce no constriction. : This is discussed in the "Cardiovascular Disease" section of the chapter. 51) Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in. All of the following will increase heart rate except: Definition. D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. As peripheral resistance increases, the mean arterial pressure increases correspondingly. • Blood cells and plasma encounter resistance when they contact blood vessel walls. Second, the decrease in resistance 3. 43) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? These factors include autonomic activity, pharmacologic agents, and blood viscosity. η = viscosity of the blood. Epinephrine from the suprarenal medulla supports the neural mechanisms. BLOOD VISCOSITY. Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except _____. Viscosity of blood is a measure of the blood’s thickness and is influenced by the … The endocrine system releases ADH, angiotensin II, and aldosterone, which act together to raise blood volume by reducing fluid loss at the kidney. : Since cholinergic receptors are found in all of the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system, you would expect nicotine to stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses in the cardiovascular target tissues. Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance (or resistance to blood flow), except one: increased blood viscosity. increased sympathetic stimulation. There is a total overall drop in total peripheral resistance but this does not cause a drop in MAP because of the increase in cardiac output. 16) The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? The following factors directly affect cardiac output: (1) The basic level of body metabolism, (2) Whether the person is exercising or not, (3) The person's age, and (4) Size of the body. Blood pressure is greater in the aorta than in the inferior vena cava. When it is ingested it will cause dilation of the coronary arteries, reliving the chest pain and preventing myocardial infarction, but it will also cause dilation of cerebral blood vessels, causing a headache. Blood pressure is a function of cardiac output (heart rate x stroke volume), as well as peripheral resistance (a measure of friction between the blood and the blood vessel walls). : Systemic and pulmonary blood flow is equal to the cardiac output, which is about 720 L/day, or 0.5 L/min. These factors include autonomic activity, pharmacologic agents, and blood viscosity. 2. the natural ability of a normal organism to remain unaffected by noxious agents in its environment; see also immunity. Identify the exception. Identify the exception. The heart also responds by increasing the strength of its contractions and the amount of blood ejected with each beat, thereby increasing cardiac output. Answers: Answer: The answer is A. blood viscosity and the diameter of arterioles. 32) Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves? 112) The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the, 117) The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the. : Orthostatic hypotension is the decrease in blood pressure upon moving rapidly from a stable reclining position to standing. 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